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domingo, 23 de marzo de 2014
martes, 18 de marzo de 2014
GEOGRAPHY- UNIT 6 AND 7
Economic activity: the different processes involved in the production and consumption of goods and services
Economic agent: a person, group or institution involved in the economy
Goods: tangible economic products, such as food, that are usually consumed after production
Services: economic activities, such as banking or education, that are intangible
Production: an
activity that provides goods and services for consumption. the
production of goods combines natural resources, skills, financial
investment and labour
Distribution: the marketing, delivery and sale of goods and services
Marketing: the act of researching, promoting and advertising a product or service in order to sell it
Consumption: the use of a product or service to satisfy needs or desires
Supply: availability of something of use or sale
Demand: the desire to own something in the market and the willingness to pay for it
Inflation: a rise
in the general level of prices of goods and services in the economy or a
decrease in value of the purchasing power of money
Profit: the monetary gain of a business after all expenses have been met
Tax: a monetary contribution to the government requires of people, groups or business
Raw material: material on which a particular manufacturing process is carried out
Telecommuting: the
use of home computers, telephones, etc, to enable a person to work from
home while maintaining contact with colleagues, customers, or a central
office
Employer: a person, business, firm, etc, that employs workers
Employee: a person who is hired to work for another or for a business, firm, etc, in return for payment
Self-employed: earning one's living in one's own business or through freelance work, rather than as the employee of another
Active population: people currently employed in the production of goods and services and the people who are unemployed or looking for their first job
Inactive population: people not in active service
Disabled: lacking
one or more physical powers, such as the ability to walk or to
coordinate one's movements, as from the effects of a disease or
accident, or through mental impairment
Retired: to give up or to cause (a person) to give up his work, a post, etc, esp on reaching pensionable age
Full-time contracts: a person works a minimum number of hours defined as such by his/her employer.
Part-time contracts: a form of employment that carries fewer hours per week than a full-time job.
Plot: An area of land where crops are grown. (size, shape, borders...)
Soil: The subtance on the surface of the Earth in which plants grow, produced mainly by the weathering of rock.
Crop rotation: The
practice of growing different types of crops in the same area in
sequential seasons. This method improves sil fertility and resistance to
disease and pests
Intensive agriculture: is
an agricultural production system characterized by a low fallow ratio
and the high use of inputs such as capital, labour, or heavy use of
pesticides and chemical fertilizers relative to land area.
Extensive agriculture: An
agricultural system that uses small inputs of labour, fertilisers, and
capital, relative to the area of land that is being farmed.
Dryland farming: Farming in which the fields receive only rainwater.
Irrigated farming: Farming in which the water from groundwater, reservoirs or rivers is brought to fields.
Polyculture: is
agriculture using multiple crops in the same space, in imitation of the
diversity of natural ecosystems, and avoiding large stands of single
crops, or monoculture. It includes multi-cropping, intercropping,
companion planting, beneficial weeds, and alley cropping.
Monoculture: is
the agricultural practice of producing or growing a single crop or plant
species over a wide area and for a large number of consecutive years
Greenhouses: is a building in which plants are grown
Subsistence agriculture: A type of agriculture in which farmers only grow enough food to feed themselves and their families.
Shifting cultivation: is
an agricultural system in which plots of land are cultivated
temporarily, then abandoned and allowed to revert to their natural
vegetation while the cultivator moves on to another plot
Livestock farming: Farming bassed on rearing animals to obtain products.
Housed livestock: Livestock fed with fodder in farm buildings. This type of livestock must pass strict sanitary and quality controls
Cattle: are the most common type of large domesticated ungulates.
Fodder: is any
agricultural foodstuff used specifically to feed domesticated livestock,
such as cattle, goats, sheep, horses, chickens and pigs.
Rear: To care for, breed and grow animals until maturity.
Fishing grounds: An area of water that is used for fishing.
Aquaculture: is the farming of aquatic organisms such as fish, crustaceans, molluscs and aquatic plants.
Overfishing: is a form of overexploitation in which fish stocks are depleted to unacceptable levels, regardless of water body size.
Fleets: is an aggregate of commercial fishing vessels
School of fish: many fishes together (banco de peces)
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