GEOGRAPHY: GLOSSARY: UNIT 1

1. Inlet: A thin chanel of water that leads inland from the sea. Inlets created by glaciation are called fjords and are usually found on mountainous coastlines.
2. Headland: A small area of land that projects out into the sea.
3.  Peninsula: A large scale headland surrounded by water on three sides. A peninsula can be connected to the land by a thin stretch of land called an isthmus.
4.  Island: A piece of land completely surrounded by water. A group of related islands close together form an archipelago.
5.  Gulf: An area of sea surrounded by land on three sides. It forms the shape of an arc. A bay is similar but generally smaller.
6.  Oceanic ridge: An underwater mountain range that generally covers a large area and reaches high altitudes.
7.  Oceanic trench: A long depression on the ocean floor that can be thousands of  metres deep.
8.  Abyssal plain: A flat area of the ocean floor. They are found at depths of between 3000m and 7000m.
9.  Continental slope: A steep underwater area that links the continental shelf with the ocean floor.
10.  Mountain: A large landform that is higher than the surrounding land. A mountain range is a continuous chain of mountains.
11.  Continental shelf: The undersea extension of a continent that descends gradually to depths of around 400m. The shelf might extend for only a few km under the sea, or it may extend for many.
12.  Basin: An area of land that is drained by a river or a lake and that is lower than the surrounding area.
13.  Valley: Is a linear depression in the lard. A river valley is V-shaped due to the action of the river running through it. Glacial valleys are U-shaped because they have been formed by a moving glacier.
14.  Plateau: A flat area of land which sits at a certain altitude above sea level.
15.  Plain: A large, open, flat or slightly undulating are of land.
16.  Continental relief: Above the ground.
17.  Oceanic relief: Under the sea.
18.  Basin: Cuenca
19.  Plain: Llanura.
20.  Massif: Sierra/macizo.
21.  Dam: Embalse.
22.  Water fall: Cascada/catarata.
23.  Headland: Cabo.
24.  Inlet: Ría.
25.  Cliff: Acantilado.
26.  Bay: Bahía.